#exercise

Exercise reaches the brain through peripheral signals—BDNF, lactate, immune and vascular messengers. But a biomarker "moving" is not the same as cognition returning. An Italian neurorehabilitation team offers an integrative model: the biological effects of exercise become clinically meaningful only when they couple to attention-demanding movement and surface as a behavior called cognitive-motor integration (CMI). Exotaro unpacks a review that surveys the differences across stroke, Parkinson's, MS, and TBI, and how to deploy VR, robots, and wearables.