#macrophage

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from human bone marrow MSCs, delivered to spinal cord–injured rats either as daily injections or as a continuous infusion from an osmotic pump. At the same total dose of 9.2 μg, only the group infused continuously for six days climbed to a BBB score of 12.9±0.9, while the same amount split into six injections stalled at 8.6±0.9. Doubling the injected dose changed nothing against the three-day schedule, and collagen 1 at the lesion was also significantly lower under continuous infusion than under injections of the same total amount. Dr. Exotaro reads a preclinical rat study.

IL-10, the cytokine that calms inflammation, never quite became a drug: it is unstable and clears from the body fast. A Michigan State University team harvested extracellular vesicles from cells made to overexpress IL-10 with minicircle DNA, and shows they are more stable than recombinant IL-10 and quiet inflammatory macrophages. But naïve vesicles, with no IL-10 gene introduced, worked too. Every experiment is in cultured cells.