MSC Exosome

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from human bone marrow MSCs, delivered to spinal cord–injured rats either as daily injections or as a continuous infusion from an osmotic pump. At the same total dose of 9.2 μg, only the group infused continuously for six days climbed to a BBB score of 12.9±0.9, while the same amount split into six injections stalled at 8.6±0.9. Doubling the injected dose changed nothing against the three-day schedule, and collagen 1 at the lesion was also significantly lower under continuous infusion than under injections of the same total amount. Dr. Exotaro reads a preclinical rat study.

Extracted wisdom teeth and baby teeth—this paper takes on spinal cord injury with exosomes from stem cells harvested from teeth that would normally be thrown away. The authors compared 3 kinds of stem cells on the same footing and chose dental pulp, narrowed 727 proteins down to a candidate called PSMD1, a “part of the proteasome,” and report that it tipped microglia toward the M2 side. But the treatment was tried only in cultured cells and mice. Dr. Exotaro reads through this preclinical study.

A review that takes on insulin resistance with gene-modified MSC exosomes loaded with miR-21 and SIRT3. But it contains not a single experiment by the authors themselves, prints not one p-value, dose, or n, and cites not one clinical trial targeting insulin resistance in humans. Dr. Exotaro reads through a review that stays preclinical.

An original research paper that ran human bone marrow–derived MSCs continuously in a hollow fiber bioreactor for about 40 days and kept harvesting the small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that came out, four times a week. The paper reports that particle size, markers, and yield were stable (no numerical value for particle size appears in the main text), while mass spectrometry found 1,618 proteins differentially altered between Phase 3 and Phase 1. It is entirely a story from inside a culture device, and whether the later vesicles work was never measured once.

Aging livers quietly store fat as autophagy rusts. A Shandong team shows HucMSC exosomes — THBS1 as key cargo, PPAR as a downstream pathway — ease fat, senescence and glucose problems in aged mice.

In Parkinson's disease, the brain's immune cells—microglia—switch into a 'combat mode that guzzles sugar,' damaging neurons through inflammation. A research team in Haikou, China, showed that lncA2M-AS1, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) carried by exosomes from olfactory mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSC), calms microglial metabolism and suppresses neuroinflammation through two switches, CFL1 and ROCK1. Exotaro walks through this preclinical study in mice and cultured cells.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of intercellular communication with broad application across biomedicine, veterinary medicine, cosmetics, agriculture, and the environment.

Bone metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) markedly worsens prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of only 30%, and features a complex mix of osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions.

This study aimed to elucidate, at the molecular level, the mechanism by which 3D culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promotes secretion of extracellular vesicles (sEVs) compared with 2D culture.

This study focuses on developing an inhalable bispecific exosome-activated T cell (BEAT) system to treat metastatic melanoma resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

This study elucidates how astrocyte-secreted exosomes (EVs) regulate local translation in neuronal axons and improve synaptic function in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

A new treatment is anticipated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most refractory cancers: cell therapy using umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs).

Treating refractory wounds and severe burns is a major challenge in modern medicine. This paper reviews the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes for skin regeneration.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leaves severe sequelae, but a groundbreaking treatment has now been proposed: therapy using tiny capsules called exosomes (DPSC-Exos) secreted by dental stem cells (DPSC).

How extracellular vesicles (EVs) from iPSC-derived glial progenitor cells protect neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity by stabilizing calcium oscillations and mitochondria.

Here is the paper we introduce this time: a comparative evaluation of storage conditions for extracellular vesicles, examining how the storage state affects their therapeutic efficacy.

Today I want to talk about the exosome infusion therapy that has become a hot topic. Let me say this first: I feel that treatments using exosomes/extracellular vesicles hold enormous promise.

Research verifying the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, with a view to future clinical application to various diseases.

When using extracellular vesicles (EVs) therapeutically, immune rejection must be considered. It is always a concern in cell transplantation, and in allogeneic transplants it threatens engraftment.

An explanation of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) proteins involved in the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs).

microRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA that plays a key role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes, influencing various physiological processes and diseases.

What a beautiful video.

Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) is a filtration process in which the fluid flows along the membrane surface, unlike conventional filtration where the liquid passes straight through.

EXODUS is a device for isolating and purifying extracellular vesicles (EVs). It uses a vibrating motor to generate acoustic streaming, preventing membrane clogging and improving recovery efficiency.

"Lipid flipping" refers to the movement of lipid molecules from one leaflet (half) of a biological membrane to the other. This process is also called "flip-flop" or transmembrane movement.

I'm in Seattle for ISEV2023, the international conference on extracellular vesicles (EV). Maybe because it was founded less than ten years ago, the energy is incredible and the field feels alive.

The cellular structures behind exosome production: endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus, and how the endosome, multivesicular body (MVB), and microRNA (miRNA) form exosomes.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny membrane-bound particles released by cells, attracting attention in recent years. They are highly diverse in size, origin, contents, and function.

Definition and classification of extracellular vesicles. EVs are nanosized vesicles released from cells, with membrane structures ranging from 30 nm to 1000 nm in diameter.

Extracellular vesicles are tiny sac-like structures secreted by cells, and several subtypes exist, distinguished by size, biological properties, biogenesis mechanism, and function.

This website aims to be the most detailed and comprehensive resource in the world, covering everything from the fundamentals of extracellular vesicle science to the latest research findings.

Here is the paper introduced today. MitoEVs: A new player in multiple disease pathology and treatment. Xiyue Zhou, Shuyun Liu, et al.

Exosome therapy is one of the promising novel treatments of the future, but it is currently still at the research stage. Only after efficacy is confirmed will it be offered as insured care.